Mbiri ya Kupanga Malibwe Ghakuzirwa Ghakupangika

Aug 20, 2025

Lekani uthenga

Mu 1819, Dr. ED Clarke wakagwiliskira nchito blowpipe iyo ŵakapanga sonosono apa kuti wasungunure ma rubi ghaŵiri pa makara, mwangozi wakapanga chinthu chiphya-galasi la marubi.
Mu 1837, Marc Gaudin, uyo wakasambiranga vya kemiko ku France, wakamba kusambira mwandondomeko malibwe ghakuzirwa kufuma pa umo ghakuwonera kemiko. Wakapanga maji ghakuzura na potaziyamu dichromate na potaziyamu sulfate, ndipo pamanyuma wakasungunura ivyo vikakhalako kuti wasange makristalo gha aluminiyamu oxide, ntheura wakambiska mbiri yakumanyikwa ya kupanga malibwe ghakuzirwa na kemiko.
Mu 1877, Ferey na ŵanyake ŵakapanga malibwe ghakwamba gha rubi ghakupangika na ŵanthu agho ghakaŵa ghakwenelera kudumura na kupoliska mwakugwiliskira nchito nthowa zakupambanapambana, ndipo ŵakapanga makristalo gha rubi ghakuwoneka nga ni rhombohedral agho ghakaŵa na uzito wa pafupifupi 1/3 carat.
Mu 1882, pa msika wa ku Europe pakawoneka ma rubi ghanandi ghakusazgako (Geneva rubies).
Pafupifupi mu 1900, Verneuil wakapanga ma rubi ghanandi ghakutowa na ghapachanya- ghakupangika na ŵanthu mwakugwiliskira ntchito nthowa iyo wakapanga yakukulira kristalo wakusungunuka. Nthowa iyi yikapangiska kuti kupanga malibwe ghakuzirwa ghakupangika na ŵanthu ghaŵe ghakukwana.
Mu 1918, Chochralski wakapanga nthowa ya Bridgman (nthowa yakukokera) yakukura kwa kristalo wakusungunuka, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti paŵe malibwe ghakurughakuru, ghapachanya - ghakupangika na ŵanthu pa msika.
Mu 1940, kampani ya Chatham yikapanga makora ma emerald mwakugwiliskira ntchito nthowa ya flux.
Mu 1941, kampani iyi yikapanga makristalo gha emerald agho ghakaŵa ghakuzirwa chomene mpaka 15 carats, nangauli ghakaŵa ghambura kwenelera.
Pafupifupi mu 1950, wasayansi wa ku Italy zina lake Spezia wakapanga nthowa ya hydrothermal yakupangira quartz, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵambe kupanga makristalo ghakupangika na ŵanthu kuti ŵaguliskenge.
Mu 1957, kampani ya Bell Laboratories ku United States yikapharazga kuti yikapanga makora malibwe gha rubi mwakugwiliskira nchito nthowa ya maji.
Mu 1955, kampani ya General Electric ku United States yikapharazga kuti yikupanga makora dayamondi yakupangika na mafakitale.
Pakati pajumpha vyaka 15, mu 1970, ŵakapanga dayamondi za mtundu wa gem-. Kupanikizika kwapachanya-kuphatikizgika na tekinoloje yakuŵika nthunzi ya kemiko (CVD) sono kungapanga mawe ghakuzirwa-ma dayamondi ghawemi ghakujumpha 11 carats.
Mu 1972, Pierre Gilson wa ku France wakapanga makora chomene nthowa yakupangira opal.
Mu 1974, ŵakaguliska opal mutuŵa wakupangika na ŵanthu. Mu 1976, wasayansi wa ku Soviet Dukoka wakanozga nthowa yakupangira malibwe gha rubi ghakupangika na maji ghakuthukira, ndipo ivi vikapangiska kuti ŵapange malibwe gha rubi ghakupangika na ŵanthu agho ghakuyana chomene na malibwe gha rubi ghachilengiwa kuti ŵachitenge malonda. Mu vilimika vya m’ma 2000, ŵanthu ŵakulutilira kupanga malibwe ghakuzirwa, ndipo ivi vyapangiska kuti ŵapange pafupifupi mtundu uliwose wa malibwe ghakuzirwa.

 

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